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In what formations do EMU’s run?

14-07-2019

Many different EMU formations have been used in different areas. In the 1930's, Madras suburban service started with 3-car EMUs which were notable in having coupled bogies across cars, thereby making the entire 3-car formation a rigid unit. Later Madras also got some 4-car (non-rigid) EMUs. They were sometimes operated in pairs at rush hours, leading to 6-car (two rigid) and 8-car (two non-rigid) formations, and rarely 7-car formations (one 3-car rigid and one 4-car) In the 1960's Madras received a couple of 2-car EMUs. Following the conversion of the traction from DC to AC, the 3-car EMUs (which were built for DC) were coupled with a single AC power car to make hybrid 4-car formations.

What are the small vertical sections of rail that can be seen embedded in the trackworks or a little distance away from the tracks every so often?

July 19, 2019

These small vertical pieces of rail (or other structures such as a small cement post), usually painted yellow or white, are monuments or vertical datum indicators. They have marks on them that indicate the correct intended height of the rail head at that location on the track. When track maintenance crews adjust track for its level, they use these

What is included in the 3-tier maintenance regime?

July 19, 2019

The three-tier system divides responsibilities for track maintenance as follows: 1. On-Track Machines (OMU). Mechanized maintenance (see above) including systematic tamping, intermediate tamping, shoulder ballast cleaning, ballast profiling and redistribution, track stabilization, and periodic deep screening of ballast. 2. Mobile Maintenance

Does IR use mechanized means for track laying and maintenance?

July 19, 2019

IR has used some track-laying equipment, but much track is still laid manually. A lot of track maintenance is also done manually, with a veritable army of gangmen that are out 'on the line' to inspect track and fix problems. There is, however, a big push to mechanize track maintenance -- the target being complete mechanization by 2012. Tie

What are Rational Formulae? What is Maflin’s Formula? What is the Special Committee Formula?

July 19, 2019

These are various formulae for calculating the gang strength required to perform maintenance of different kinds on a section of track. Maflin's Formula, adopted in 1931, is a very simple one (number of gangmen = 2.5 x 'unit per mile' x length of track, where the 'unit per mile' factor depends on the kind of traffic carried on the track). It

What is ‘through’ or ‘scattered’ renewal?

July 19, 2019

Complete Track Renewal (CTR) refers to the most thorough track replacement regime where rails, sleepers, etc., are fully replaced. Through Rail Renewal (TRR) refers to the replacement of rails in a given section of track, while Through Sleeper Renewal (TSR) refers to the replacement of sleepers. Similarly, there are Through Turnout renewal (TTR),

What is ‘beater packing’? What is included in the maintenance carried out by gangs commonly seen on the tracks?

July 19, 2019

The most common system of routine manual (non-mechanized) track maintenance is known as through packing or beater packing (from the name of the tool used for packing ballast, a 'beater'). This includes the following steps: Opening of the road : ballast is unpacked, fittings and fastenings of the rails loosened Examination of track : Rails,

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In what formations do EMU’s run?

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