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What do the designations such as ‘WDM-2’ mean?

20-06-2019

What do the designations such as ‘WDM-2’ mean? Locos, except for older steam ones, have classification codes that identify them. This code is of the form '' In this the first item, '', is a single letter identifying the gauge the loco runs on: W = Broad Gauge Y = Meter Gauge Z = Narrow Gauge (2' 6") N = Narrow Gauge (2') The second item, '', is one or two letters identifying the power source: D = Diesel C = DC traction A = AC traction CA = Dual-power AC/DC traction B = Battery electric(rare) The third item, '', is a single letter identifying the kind of load the loco is normally used for: M = Mixed Traffic P = Passenger G =

What indications do signals show and what do they mean?

July 14, 2019

The most common indications shown by various signals are the following: Stop This requires a train to stop dead and not pass the signal except under special instructions or emergency procedures. (Stop signals may be passed after halting and waiting in automatic block territory – usually 1 min. during the day & 2 min. during the night.) This

What are the systems of colour-light signalling used by IR?

July 14, 2019

There are three systems of colour-light signalling in use. (In IR terminology, the term Multiple-Aspect Colour-Light signalling includes both 3- and 4-aspect signalling, and 2-aspect signalling is usually treated as a variant of 2-aspect semaphore signalling. Hence the classification below is not the same as IR's.) Two-aspect colour-light

What are drooping signals?

July 14, 2019

In single-wire transmission, heat causes the transmission wire to stretch or shrink, and this can result in an incorrect indication of the signal aspect. For instance, the most restrictive aspect may end up being below the horizontal in upper-quadrant signalling on a hot day - this is termed a drooping signal when the angle is more than 5 degrees.

What are ‘single-wire’ and ‘double-wire’ signalling?

July 14, 2019

'Single-wire' apparatus, as the name implies, utilizes a single wire or cable connecting the signal lever at the cabin or elsewhere where the signal frame is located, to the actual semaphore mechanism on the signal post. Operating the signal lever to take the signal off causes the transmission wire to be pulled, moving the semaphore arm to the

What are the systems of semaphore signalling used by IR?

July 14, 2019

In IR's lower quadrant system (Two-aspect Lower Quadrant) the semaphore arm can only be in two positions. The horizontal on position shows the most restrictive indication (requiring the train to stop or slow down or proceed with caution depending on the kind of signal), and a lowered position where the semaphore arm is at about 60 degrees or more

What types of signalling systems are used on IR?

July 14, 2019

R uses several forms of signalling. In IR manuals reference is made usually only to 4 main types of systems, Lower Quadrant semaphore, Modified Lower Quadrant semaphore, Multiple Aspect Upper Quadrant semaphore, and multiple-aspect colour-light signalling. But in practice there are some variations in the kinds of colour-light signalling seen, so

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What do the designations such as ‘WDM-2’ mean?

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